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What does the patient do at the check?Tap a term: its definition, what you can do with it, and how often the exam asks it.
Definition: pupil and blink reflexes and brief fixation at about 20 cm, present at birth.
You can: Name newborn vision when a baby at birth shows pupil and blink reflexes and fixes briefly at about 20 cm.
Definition: early vowel-like sounds that appear by about 3 months.
You can: Tell cooing from babbling by the sound type and the age.
Definition: repeated consonant-vowel sounds with intonation and no real words, from about 6 to 12 months.
You can: Tell babbling from the holophrastic stage by whether the sound carries a meaning.
Definition: single words used with meaning, from about 12 to 16 months.
You can: Tell the holophrastic stage from telegraphic speech by whether the child joins words.
Definition: two or three content words joined without grammar words, from about 18 months.
You can: Tell telegraphic speech from full sentences by the missing small grammar words.
Each card is one term. The grey line is what the patient says, which is what the question stem gives.
Summary
A newborn already has the pupillary light reflex and the blink reflex.
A newborn already has the and the blink reflex. The newborn can on a face at about 20 cm and follow the face briefly. The newborn can tell light from dark. Sharpness of vision is poor, and focus stays at one near distance.
Priya Nair brings her 2-day-old son to the health visitor. The baby blinks at a bright light and watches her face as she leans close. Priya asks, "Can he see colours yet?"
, , colour vision, distant fixation and depth perception develop further over the following months. Colour vision and depth perception come months after the newborn pupil and blink reflexes.
Binocular depth cues need both eyes: retinal image disparity, stereopsis, accommodation and convergence. Depth perception appears only after those skills mature. Pictorial depth cues need only one eye. Pictorial cues include size, brightness, superimposition and texture.
5 more sections on Newborn vision, cooing, babbling and early speech stages
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